‘Ozymandias’ by Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay

Compare the way the central characters are presented in ‘checking out me history’ by John Agard and ‘Ozymandias’ by Percy Bysshe Shelley. The poems ‘Checking out me History and ‘Ozymandias’ both use a wide range of various language and structure techniques to explore in great detail the central characters as well as their thoughts and feelings. The poem ‘Checking out me history’ uses various structural techniques to present the main character and to show his views, which also explains his frustration about not having a personal identity. In contrast to this, the poem ‘Ozymandias’ uses more linguistic features to describe the deteriorating decline of the statue. In the poem ‘Checking out me history’ the language used in the poem helps to create a clear image to the audience that shows the characters frustration and aggressiveness by using nonstandard English. For example, ‘Dem tell me’ imp lies that no matter how much the character is told about English history, he will continue to rebel against English society to prove how proud he is about his own culture and background by using phonetic spelling. This may help the readers to empathize with his thoughts and feelings. The non – standard English that is used throughout the poem also conveys how the character is representing himself through the language he is using. The almost sarcastic tone he uses to display his lack of interest in British history suggests that believes that black people’s history should be taught just as well as other cultures. Due to this poem not being grammatically correct, the audience are assured that the main character is unhappy with the way he has been taught through English education. The phonetic spelling shows us a rebellious side to the character as he challenges society to balance out histories of many cultures equally. However, In the poem ‘Ozymandias’ the tone created by Percy Bysshe Shelley connotes the idea of past occurrences. It can create the image that power is only temporary, and it is not long before nature takes over. The use of the words ‘frown’ and ‘wrinkled’ suggest the decline of the power that Ozymandias once had, or even ‘believed’ that he had. The use of the language throughout the poem creates a negative effect almost suggesting the significance of Ozymandias has now gone, and all that’s left is a statue. The use of the ‘!’ in the phrase ‘ye mighty,and despair!’ connotes the emphasis in the poem which helps the reader to understand how Ozymandias once expected fear from society or even envy. The poetic device of imagery is a similar comparison between both poems. In Ozymandias, Percy Shelley creates a memorable image of the statue which was once so great. The words ‘half shrunk’ and ‘shatter’d’ create the image of something that now is useless and has no significance what so ever, showing the deterioration of the statue. In addition to this, the way the poet describes ‘Ozymandias’ in such detail reveals how the audience may feel no sympathy towards Ozymandias. ‘Sneer of cold command’ suggests the characters arrogance towards society and his disapproval of the public. In contrast to this, in the poem ‘checking out me history’ the main character speaks very highly of his culture and its past, unlike Ozymandias as throughout audience can understand how Percy Shelley believes it is wrong for society to be in favour and to follow of such a self -obsessed king. The stanzas in the poem ‘Checking out me history’ shows a strong link to imagery as the historical figures from the characters background have a strong effect on the reader. An example of this is when the character talks about someone he feels is inspirational in the 9th stanza. She is described as a ‘healing star’ and a ‘yellow sunrise to the dying’ which connotes how imp ortant this woman was, and how she is worth learning about.

Mobilization of Deposits

Topic: â€Å"Mobilization of deposits in banking system of Pakistan† Submitted to: Ma’am Bushra Submitted by: Muhammad Mumtaz (09-arid-929) Tayyab Sultan (08-arid-387) Muhammad Sohail Zafar (09-arid-934) Farhan Ahmed (08-arid-402) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to Almighty ALLAH who had made us able to complete this project with the true knowledge. Special thanks are due to our respected teacher Ma’am Bushra Zulfiqar who have shown us the right way to go for our project to success and enlightened our mind with the tips and guidance to think creatively.We are thankful to our friends, who help us a lot during this course of project. Table of content: 1) Deposit——————————————————————————-4 2) Current Accounts——————————— ———————————-4 3) HBL Freedom Account————————————————————4 4) HBL Business ValueAccount—————————————————-4 5) Term Accounts———————————————————————-5 6) HBL Advantage Account———————————————————-5 7) Investment Plus Deposit————————— —————————â €”–5 8) Savings Accounts————————————————– —————–5 9) PLS – Savings Account————————————————————-6 10) Remittance Munafa Plus Savings Account—————————————6 11) Foreign Currency Accounts———————————————————7 12) Mobilization of deposits————————————————————-8 13) HBL Car Loan—————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ ——————8 14) HBL Car To Car———————————————————————–9 15) HBL Credit Card———————————————————————10 16) HBL Home Loan———————————————————————11 17) HBL INVESTMENT BANKING———————————– ————–13 18) HBL Zarai Banking————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€14 19) MCB Islamic banking——————————————————- ——–17 20) Al-Makhraj Saving Account————————————————— —–17 21) IANAT Account———————————————————————–18 22) Al Makhraj Term Deposit————————————————————20 23) Ijarah———————†”————————————————————20 24) Murabahah——————————————————————– ———-21 25) Diminishing Musharika Equipment————————————————-21 Abstract: Banks generally adopt following strategies to mobilize their Deposits in two categories 1-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Demand Deposits which are payable to the owner on demand i. e Savings Accounts Current Account etc. 2-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time Deposits.These are Fixed Deposit for various tenors ranging from month to 10 years and are payable at maturity. * Banks accept Deposits from institutions like Government institution s, public ltd and Private limited companies and Trusts etc. * Banks accept Deposits from general public by launching various Deposit schemes catering the needs of every segment of society and offer attractive Profit rates on these schemes. * For example HBL offers HBL Money club Account to kids up to the age of 18 and offer ATM Card (with restricted Limit) and attractive Profit Rates up to 7. 55% to attract the youngsters who will subsequently prefer to maintain their Account with HBL till life time. For Businessmen who frequently transfer money to and from their Accounts to make their business payments HBL offers Freedom Account in which they can make Drafts of unlimited Number and amount and free online funds transfer by maintaining minimum daily balance of Rs. 25,000. 00/- only. This strategy attracts huge numbers of businessmen to HBL which has competitive advantage of largest Network of branches in every city of Pakistan with online facility. * For customers mostly businessmen who want profit on daily basis HBL Offers HBL Daily Progressive Account on which profit is calculated on daily basis and credited into customers Accounts at month end. * Similarly to encourage the remittances by expatriates through banking channels HBL offers RMPA Remittance Plus Munafa Accounts. * HBL mobilizes its deposits in the form of investments in projects and give loan to corporations as well as to the consumer.HABIB BANK LIMITED: DEPOSITS: There are different types of deposits account. Current Accounts: Make unlimited transactions while maintaining a low minimum balance every month. Current Account of HBL: * Minimum balance of Rs. 5,000 * Unlimited transactions * Non-profit bearing * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking Basic Banking Account (BBA): * Can be opened with only Rs. 1,000 * No minimum balance requirement * Up to 2 withdrawal and 2 deposit transactions free every month * Unlimi ted withdrawals through HBL Debit Card * Non-profit bearing HBL Freedom Account:Use your money as you please with HBL Freedom Account. Rest free from worries and expand your business with unmatched accessibility. HBL Business Value Account: * No minimum balance requirement * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities * Unique transactional account for Businessmen * Up to 10 Bankers Cheques free (at minimum balance of Rs. 500,000) * Profit calculated daily, paid every quarter * Up to 5. 35% profit per annum * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking. * Nominal monthly maintenance charge of Rs. 50 Term Accounts: Invest your savings in our term deposits for a fixed duration and earn profit while keeping your savings secure.HBL Advantage Account: | | |   | | | | | | | | | Term| Profit per annum| 1 Year | | 12. 00%| | 3 Year | | 14. 00%| | 5 Year | | 15. 00%| | 10 Year | | 18. 00%| | | | |   | †¢ | Multiple options for tenure and profit payo ut. | †¢| Loan facility up to 90% of investment. | †¢| Minimum investment of Rs. 25,000. | †¢| Withdrawal at end of fixed term. | Investment Plus Deposit: * Profit paid at maturity * Minimum investment of Rs. 20 million| * Multiple options for tenure and profit payout| * Withdrawal at end of fixed term * Account for Institutions| Savings Accounts: Avail the flexibility of making transactions while earning profit on daily/monthly basis.HBL Value Account: * 7. 19% profit per annum| * Profit calculated monthly, paid every quarter| * Deposit ranges from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 1,000,000| * Two withdrawals free every month| PLS – Savings Account: * 5. 06% profit per annum| * Profit paid bi-annually| * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities| * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| * Unlimited transactions| Remittance Munafa plus Savings Account: * Special account for receiving foreign remittance s| * 5. 12% profit per annum| * Profit paid every month| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| Daily Munafa Account: Profit calculated daily, paid every month| * Up to 8. 84% profit per annum| * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities| * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| Daily Progressive Account: * Unique transactional account for Institutions| * Profit calculated daily, paid every month| * Up to 11. 57% profit per annum| * Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facility| * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| Foreign Currency Accounts: HBL offers Foreign Currency Accounts in multiple currencies as savings and term accounts. FC-SB: Savings Account offered in 3 currencies, USD (US dollar), EUR (Euros) and GBP (UK pound)| * Tiered product, with rates depending on choice of currency| * To earn profit, minimum balance should be 1000 USD, EUR or GBP| * Interest is payable on a quarterly basis| HYFFD (High Yield Foreign Currency Fixed Deposit): * Available in 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month and 12 Month in USD, EUR | * Tiered product, with rates depending on choice of currency and term| * Profit paid on maturity only. | Mobilization of deposits: HBL CAR LOAN: HBL CarLoan helps you get your preferred car through a simple and hassle-free process, backed by superior service and support. Now you can drive a car you always wanted. Features: * Choice of used, new local/imported and reconditioned imported car. * Repayment options ranging upto 7 years. | * Up to 85% of financing for the car of your choice. | * Insurance at all times for complete peace of mind and security. | * Round the clock support available through HBL Phone Banking you can place your requests and queries, track the status of your repayment/loan account and avail other value-added services through HBL Phone Banking. | Eligibility criteria: | Salaried Individuals | Self-Employ ed Business persons/ Professionals | Citizenship| Pakistani| Pakistani| Age| 22-60 years | 22-65 years | Minimum monthly income| Rs. 20,000 | Rs. 25,000 | Documentation: Salaried Individuals | †¢ | Copy of CNIC | | 2 recent passport size photographs| †¢| Latest original salary slip and personal bank statement for last 3 months| | Self-Employed Business persons/Professionals| †¢ | Copy of CNIC | †¢| 2 recent passport size photographs| †¢| Bank statement for last 6 months and bank letter confirming details of account| †¢| Proof of business| | HBL Car To Car:| HBL Car To Car is a revolutionary car financing offer. It makes the car of your choice affordable and practical with a buy back guarantee. HBL CarToCar offers matchless features and unique options at the end of the lease. Now you can drive a new car at the end of every two years. Features: Affordability:With HBL Car To Car, you only have to pay the difference between the car price and the pre-agreed residual value to the bank. As a result, the monthly installment may even be 40% to 50% less than that of conventional financing Upgrade of lifestyle: HBL gives you the guarantee that if you wish to return the car to us at the end of the lease term, you will not have to pay off the car’s residual value. Instead, we will directly settle this outstanding liability for you under the buy back guarantee. Hence, you can upgrade to a new car as frequently as two years* without any complication and hassle. Pay only for what you use:When you lease a car under HBL Car To Car, you only pay for that part of the car’s value that you use during the lease term.The car’s residual value* (forecasted for the end of the specific lease term) is agreed with you at the start of the lease term. This amount is deducted from the car price thus lowering the finance amount. This finance amount is based only on a part of the car’s value and not the full value of the car. Therefore, HBL CarToCar offers very low installments as compared to any conventional financing. |   | .| Flexibility| | HBL Car To Car offers you several choices at the end of the lease term:| * Upgrade – Simply return the car to HBL and drive a new one home | | * Walk away – Return the car to HBL and end the lease| | * Buy – Keep the same car.Just make a one-time settlement of the car’s residual value to HBL or pay the same in easy installments over a specified extended period of time| | * Sell – Enjoy the gain from selling off the car at a higher price in the market than what you ay HBL as the residual value| Eligibility criteria: | Salaried Individuals | Self-Employed Business persons/ Professionals | Citizenship| Pakistani| Pakistani| Age| 22-60 years | 22-65 years | Minimum monthly income| Rs. 20,000 | Rs. 25,000 | Documentation: Self-Employed Business persons/Professionals †¢ | Copy of CNIC | †¢| 2 recent passport size photographs| †¢| Bank statement for last 6 months and bank letter confirming details of account| †¢| Proof of business| Salaried Individuals | †¢ | Copy of CNIC | †¢| 2 recent passport size photographs| | Latest original salary slip and personal bank statement for last 3 months| | | | HBL Credit Card:| Welcome to a world of convenience and flexibility. Accepted at over 29 million merchants worldwide, HBL Credit Card makes shopping fun and paying simple. So make the most of your shopping experience. Gold Card|   | Green Card| Rupees| Minimum gross salary requirements| Rupees| 50,000| | Salaried individuals| 15,000| | 180,000| | Self-employed business persons/professionals| 25,000| | | Rupees| Credit limit range| Rupees| 150,000| | Minimum| 20,000| | 500,000| | Maximum| | | | HBL Home Loan:| HBL Home Loan offers financing options to purchase a new house or renovate an existing house.Outright purchase: The outright purchase loan option provides financing for buying a new house. Home im provement: Home-improvement loan option provides financing for renovating your house. Outright Purchase| Descriptors| Home Improvement/ Renovation | 3 years to 20 years| Loan tenure| 3 years to 20 years| Rs. 300,000 – Rs. 15,000,000| | Loan amount| Rs. 300,000 – Rs. 5,000,000| | 85%| | Maximum financing amount (as % of appraised value of the property)| 70%| | 5 years| Property lease (years remaining at the time of loan maturity) | 5 years| Borne by the Bank| | Property insurance| Borne by the Bank| | Primary applicant and co-borrower| | Life insurance through HBL by the insurance company on HBL panel)| Primary applicant and co-borrower| | Eligibility criteria: | Salaried Individuals| Self-Employed Business Persons/ Professionals| Nationality | Pakistani (resident) | Pakistani (resident) | Age criteria of the main applicant and co-borrower whose income is being clubbed (spouse only)| | Permanent employees Minimum age at the time of loan application should be 21 years. M aximum age at the time of loan maturity should be 60 years. Contractual employees Minimum age at the time of loan application should be 21 years. Maximum age at the time of loan maturity should be 55 years | Minimum age at the time of loan application should be 21 years.Maximum age at the time of loan maturity should be 65 years. | | Length of Employment| | Permanent employees Minimum 1 year experience; 6 months experience with confirmed employment status in the current job. Contractual employees Minimum 2 years work experience. Third party contractual not eligible. | Minimum 2 years experience in personal business| | | Documentation:| Salaried Individuals| | * CNIC copy * 2 passport size photographs * Letter from employer * 2 latest salary slips or salary certificate * Bank statement for last 6 months and bank letter confirming details of account * Copies of property documents| | Self-Employed Business Persons/ Professionals| CNIC copy * 2 passport size photographs * Proprietorship : Bank Certificate / Latest Tax Assessment Order * Latest one year bank statement * Partnership Deed * Registered Form C * Memorandum, Article of association and registered Form 29 A (applies to company directors) * Copies of property documentsSchedule of bank charges: Application processing charges (including 16% FED)| Rs. 7,000/- (non-refundable)| Early settlement charges | 4. 7% of outstanding principal | Partial payment charges | 4. 7% of adjusted principal | Late payment charges | Rs. 700 (for each late payment) | Property evaluation fee | Actual cost plus 16% FED to be recovered | Legal fee | Actual cost plus 16% FED to be recovered | | HBL INVESTMENT BANKING: HBL offers full-service Investment Banking capabilities to its clientele. This year alone, HBL has closed over thirty transactions with a cumulative worth of over USD 2 billion. This is a testament to the out-of-box thinking and the innovative products we bring to our customers.The Investment Banking Group functions in t hree specialist business areas: Project Finance, Debt Capital Markets & Syndications and Equity Capital Markets & Advisory. Project finance: The bulk of HBL’s project finance practice revolves around the power sector. Prior to the power policy of 2002, HBL actively pioneered Project Finance in Pakistan through the funding of a gas-fired co-generation plant (94 Megawatts of power and desalination of 3 million gallons per day). Subsequent to the 2002 power policy, HBL continues to play a fervent role in the sector and is the only Investment Bank that was Lead Advisor to all IPP transactions that achieved financial close.In the fertilizer sector, HBL financed the largest local currency financing in Pakistan, worth PKR 23 billion, as well as a green field venture in the telecom sector worth PKR 12 billion. Debt Capital Markets & Syndications: Depending on the requirements of its customers, HBL offers a variety of products, including syndications, securitizations, privately placed and listed TFCs, term finance facilities, commercial papers, etc. HBL played the lead role in a number of significant debt transactions, including PKR 15. 14 billion TFC issue (the largest privately placed issue in Pakistan), the first bond offering for any microfinance institution in all of Asia, credit enhancement for a rapidly growing company in the consumer durables sector and numerous tier-2 capital transactions for commercial banks. Equity & Advisory:HBL offers a breadth of equity and advisory products including innovative capital raising techniques, restructurings, public and private equity placements and mergers & acquisitions. The HBL team played a pivotal role across several sectors, including energy, agriculture, consumer products, fertilizers, etc. , for raising various forms of equity and quasi-equity. Recently, HBL structured a convertible debt note with a built-in Put feature for a US-based provider of agriculture technology and dairy solutions – a first of it s kind transaction in Pakistan. HBL also provides valuation for a company in the food and beverages sector. HBL ZaraiBanking:HBL ZaraiBanking facilities are spread across the country and provide financing through more than 800 of our branches. HBL’s presence in all agriculture belts of the country ensures easy access to farmers in rural areas. HBL ZaraiBanking provides loans to small-scale land owning farmers as well as large institutionalized and alliance based finance, enhancing agricultural harvest and, in turn, economic output of the country. Products: HBL ZaraiBanking enables farmers to invest in premier quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural implements and non-farm setups through its various product programs. Crop Inputs: Crop specific finance for purchase of Agri inputs such as seed, fertilizer, pesticide and other related inputs. Farm Implements:Finance available for purchase of farm implements & machinery like combined harvester, sprayers, ploughs, tube wells and other crop-related tools/implements. Tractors/Agricultural Vehicles: Finance available to individual farmers, self-employed tractor operators, providing the option to select vehicles from a range of different manufacturers. Livestock: Finance available for feed, medicines, raw material, raising charges and other related activities. Poultry: Finance available for all poultry related activities including poultry farm construction/equipment, hatchery plant & machinery, poultry feed, poultry medicines, composite feed production, poultry processing and other related activities. Fish Farming: Finance available for inland fish farms as well as deep-sea fishing.This includes procurement of boat, fish locating equipment, nets & ropes, ice maker, fish farm water solution, hatchery construction/equipment, purchase of medicines / feed and other related activities. Group Lending: Joint finance facility for a group of farmers with small land holdings for working capital requirement. MC B Islamic banking Islamic Banking Division was formed with effect from 1st January 2003, which in a short span of time, has developed sufficient expertise, necessary infrastructure, information technology, and manpower to run Islamic Banking Operations and offer Islamic Banking Products. Mission statement: To play a dynamic role in promotion of Islamic Banking and win customers trust by providing sharia compliant financial services. Vision:To become a leader among Islamic Banks of the country in the coming years capturing major share of the domestic Islamic financial market. Al-Makhraj Saving Account: The minimum deposit requirement for Al-Makhraj Saving Account is only Rs. 5000 and profits can be earned 6-monthly. Other features associated with this product are as follows: Minimum Initial Deposit: Rs. 5000 Islamic Tools used in designing the product: Mudaraba/ Musharaka Product to be availed by: Individuals & Joint Account Holders (Local) Companies, Corporate, Trusts, etc Special A dvantages: For Customer = Bi-Annual Profit Payment; Withdrawal Facility Shariah = Meets requirements for Shariah Compliance Additional Features: | * Personalized Cheque books| * Withdrawal Facility from ATM/ Debit Card| | * Online deposit as per bank's policy| | * Virtual Banking| | * Call Centers Facilities| | * 6-monthly profit payment on the basis of monthly declared rates| | * Issuance of duplicate statement of account (as per SOBC)| | * Free bank balance certificates (once in 6 months)| | * Taking stop payment/ hold mail/ standing instructions| | * No penalty if balance falls below minimum level. | | * Personal financial consultancy services (regarding Shariah Compliant products)| | * Utility bill payment via ATM card| | * Choice of statement frequency (as per Schedule of Charges)| IANAT Account:For customers who are looking for a chequing account that gives them the ease of doing unrestricted number of transactions, we offer Al-Makhraj Ianat Account. With a minimum of only Rs. 10,000, Ianat Account may be opened. With all the features and facilities that this product offers, it is highly recommended for management of business funds. Details of the product are as follows:| | 1| Minimum Initial Deposit: Rs. 10,000| 2| Product to be availed by: Individuals ; Joint Account Holders (Local), Companies, Corporate, Trusts, etc| 3| Additional Features: | | A| Personalized Cheque books| | B| Withdrawal Facility from ATM/ Debit Card| | C| Online deposit as per bank's policy| D| Debit card; Utilities payment via ATM card| | E| Virtual Banking| | F| Call center facilities| | G| Free bank balance certificates (once in 6 months)|   | H| Taking stop payment/ hold mail/ standing instructions|   | I| Issuance of duplicate statement of account (as per Schedule of Charges)|   | J| Choice of statement frequency (as per Schedule of Charges)|   | K| No penalty if balance falls below minimum level. | 4| Banking Network: IBD's Branch only| | Al Makhraj Term Deposit: A mi nimum of Rs. 25,000 is required for investment in Al-Makhraj Term Deposit. Choice of tenors can be made from a list of options namely 1, 3 ; 6 months, 1 or 2years.Profit payment options available to customers are monthly, quarterly and/ or at maturity. Details of the product are as follows: * Minimum Deposit: Rs. 25,000| * Islamic Tools used in designing the product: Mudaraba/ Musharaka| * Tenors Available:1 mth, 3 mth, 6 mth, 1 yr or 2 yrs | * Product to be availed by: Individuals ; Joint Account Holders (Local), Companies, Corporate, Trusts, etc| * Special Advantages: | | * For Customers = Profit Payment Options customized to suit needs of customers; Minimum Deposit requirement’s lower than most banks so it is more accessible/ affordable for people | | * Shariah = Meets requirements for Shariah Compliance | | * Additional Features: | | * Call center facilities| * Taking hold mail/ standing instructions for profit payments etc| | * Personal financial consultancy services (re garding Shariah Compliant products)| Profit Sharing Ratio on Al-Makhraj Account: Profit Sharing Ratio on Al-Makhraj Riba-Free Savings ; Term Deposit   Accounts is: Rabbul Maal (Depositor)|   Ã‚  70%| Mudarib (Bank)|   Ã‚  30%| MCB offers 3 broad Islamic fund based facilities: * Ijarah * Mudarabah * Diminishing Musharika Equipment Ijarah: MCB’s Islamic Ijarah, analogous to the English term ‘leasing’, is based on the ‘Ijarah wa Iqtina’ concept which means the sale of the asset to the lessee (customer) after the Ijarah has matured. Under this scheme, MCB will be the owner of the asset, and you (lessee) will be given the asset to use

Law Enforcement Agencies Critical Issues Essay

There are many different ways law enforcement agencies fight crime and solve them. The continuous usage of technology is one of those major ways. Law enforcement agencies uses different technologies that are needed depending on the situation and the outcome of it. Some examples of technology that police use Today are GPS systems(global positioning systems), cellphones, surveillance equipment, communication systems, license plate readers, and mobile computer systems that have features such as WiFi, video, etc. The GPS system is used to track down a certain location or to reach a destination. The GPS system is very common in law enforcement agencies. For example, if a car is stolen or a criminal is on the run and it has a GPS system in it, the officers can use this device to track the car down. The GPS will give the current location of the car which would help officers to find the victim and follow them. Officers also use the GPS system to locate another patrol car. Cellphones is anoth er popular device law enforcement uses. Cellphones can be used in numerous ways during any situation. For example, if a teenage girl is kidnapped but is able to still use her cellphone to call nine one one, officers can try to trace her call. By tracing the call, it will be able to give off a location or give a close range of the location to help find the girl. Another popular technical device law enforcement agencies use is surveillance equipment. Surveillance equipment is used to watch and keep track of a individual or a place and their activities. For example, if a drug dealer is going out everyday to sell drugs and officers need proof of that to convict him or her, they will use the surveillance equipment to take pictures, videos, etc. They may use a special kind of camera to get the pictures they need and take them to court to use for evidence. By using these devices, it will help to enhance law enforcement agencies by assisting them to help bring criminals down. It  improves the efficiency and effectiveness of how law enforcement reacts to a situation and how quickly. Over the years, law enforcement agencies have dealt with a lot of criticism when it comes to officers using their firearms. In some cases, after being involved in a shooting, officers are thoroughly investigated to find out why and how the shooting happened. Because of this, officers now have the opportunity to use less-than-lethal weapons. One popular less-than-lethal weapon is the taser. â€Å"A Taser is a battery-powered electro-muscular (EMD) that fires two metal prongs, which are attached to a wire that delivers approximately 26 watts of electricity at more than 50,000 volts. The electricity causes substantial muscular pain and typically results in the immobilization of the suspect† (Walker, S, & Katz, C.M. 2011 pgs. 508). By law enforcement using a taser, there are lesser injuries occurring than before. Another type of less-than-lethal weapon is a shotgun. Although it is a shotgun, real bullets do not come out of it. This type of shotgun shoots rubber bullets. Although the bullets are rubber, they still have enough force to temporarily hurt a victim. If a victim is acting out of control, this type of gun is used to drop him or her to the ground. One other popular less-than-lethal weapon is pepper spray. This type of weapon is very popular amongst large and disruptive crowds. In order to control the crowd, an officer may use the pepper spray and shoot towards the crowd with it and spray it in someone’s eyes. This will instantly cause a burning sensation and temporarily boundless to the eyes. In most cases, this will force the victim to sit down and the officer will remain in control. Each and everyday, police officers risk their lives to help protect communities and to keep the streets safe. There are many dangers that police officers face on a daily basis. For example, stress is a major factor in a police officers life. Being stressed about something can take its toll on the officer. It can affect his performance at work or it can affect his home life. Stress is something you have to pay attention too by taking it seriously. Another example of danger police officers face is the chance of being shot. Officers pull over people for traffic laws or anything else simple. A person may panic seeing a cop pull them over. They may think it’s for something major when it’s really not so they will try to shoot the officer so they can get away. Another danger police officers deal with is the high temperature changes. This may sound  simple, but an officer stands around and walk around his entire shift. He may do this outside and if it’s hot outside, it can be very dangerous for an officer if he didn’t keep himself dehydrated.

Life cycle of information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life cycle of information technology - Essay Example The second phase is to conduct a system analysis to identify the source of the problem and find mechanisms of fixing it. Consequently, in a photography printing store; it is fundamental to disintegrate the store into parts to define the exact problem. Thereafter, a system design is implemented to outline the operations and functions of the store using process diagrams and other forms of documentations (Kelkar, 2011). Third, comprehending the environments under which the employees work is vital because it establishes certain critical purposes. It is because it sets a platform for planning, operation and provisioning to achieve user acceptance during testing. Fourth phase of the life cycle encompasses testing of the computerized time entry system for any defects to ascertain the stability of the whole system. However, the second last phase of training and transition is essential to help staff at the photography printing store learn how to use the new system. Finally, it can operate thr ough a few enhancements and changes during

Quality Service Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality Service Management - Case Study Example Spencer was in maintaining quality service by the hotel staff as a result of which he and his family had to wait for a long time before they could finally check in into their room. There were also unavailability of staff to escort them to their room as they had luggages and also a kid. They had to struggle to reach their room this indicates a clear service quality gap as the hotel was not being able to meet the basic requirements of their guests. The guests waited for a long time in queue due to inefficiency of the front desk operators. The hotel even did not possess an effective knowledge management which resulted into same room being allocated to two guests. There was even lack of communication between the hotel staff and guests and this caused the guests to wait for a long time for services such as availability of even room keys. The staff of the hotel also did not take to deliver appropriate services to the guest and there were no staff available to attend the guests if they came after 11pm. Remington Hotel was not able to handle queries of the customers and neither had efficient staffs who could deliver the guests standard services and even could contribute towards making the experience of their guests at their hotel a memorable one. The most important service quality dimension that needs to be considered by Madeline for further service improvement was assurance. The hotel staff and even design of the facilities that were offered to the guests was very low in assuring that they were able to meet quality standards in comparison to other hotels. Madeline needs to improve assurance factor so as to deliver high quality services to all its guests. The main factors that build this assurance aspect are well trained staff, technologically advanced system and quick services as per the requirements of their guests (Lockyer, 2013, pp. 75-76). These factors need to be handled very effectively so that the guests do not come up with such

Dirty Water Bill Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dirty Water Bill - Assignment Example This may lead to more damage downstream as these pollutants begin to accumulate. This policy as stated in the public outcry is literally similar to the notion of whatever happens in Vegas should stay in Vegas so this policy would fail quickly (Carter, National Wildlife Federation). H.R. 2018 bill was likely to threaten water quality in American rivers, streams, and lakes. The ability of federal and state governments would be limited in terms of ensuring that all American citizens can access clean water. The bill would limit the Environmental Protection Agency’s capability of revising an agreed water quality standard; this would happen only if the state agrees. It would prohibit the EPA from disallowing a water quality certification that is granted by a state. It would hinder the EPA from limiting federal financial aid for the state water quality program if a state does not comply with the water quality standards. Protected waters, aquatic waters would become degraded since the H.R. Bill 2018 renders EPA as somewhat meaningless. This includes weakening permit reviews that normally determine alternatives that do not harm the environment, do not go against laws, and do not degrade waters. H.R. Bill 2018 would lead to harm to the environment in the short ru n and long run. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 2018) to Amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to Preserve the Authority of Each State to Make Determinations Relating to the States Water Quality Standards, and for Other Purposes: (to Accompany H. Res. 347). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2011.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Ethics - Essay Example The â€Å"Operation Fast and Furious† was controversial because agents were prevented from making arrest but just to continue gather evidences to make a stronger case. The ancillary ethical dilemma of the case was the invoking of Executive Privilege by President Obama that made Attorney General Eric Holder to withhold the documents that were asked by request that eventually led him to be cited for contempt by Congress at a vote of 255 to 67. 2. Present a Resolution. State specifically WHAT you’re going to do and WHY you’re doing what you’re doing to resolve each of the ethical dilemmas. Be very specific and detailed.   In implementing the â€Å"Operation Fast and Furious† I would make a time table where I would expect results that would justify the operation. One year would be a reasonable allowance to expect result whether to continue the program or not. If within one year there are encouraging arrests of the cartels, then the operation could be continued because it is serving its purpose. But if one year has lapsed and it did not satisfy its justification, then the program should be scrapped. 3. Identify which ethical system(s) support your resolution Before delving in the ethical system that I would use to support my resolution, it is important to note that Eric Holder’s â€Å"Operation Fast and the Furious† is an offshoot of Project Gunrunner which deals with criminals and cartels. Such, the ethical system that would be used in the case should be grounded on reality and pragmatism that is applicable in fighting crimes. Having said that, there are two ethical systems that I would use; first is the hypothetical imperative and the other, utilitarianism. Hypothetical imperative presupposed the necessity of a certain action depending on the conditions that would make such action as an imperative (Pollock, 2012). For example, if we want to nourish ourselves, we have to eat. In the same manner that if we want crim inality (in this case, gunrunning and the cartel) to end, then we have to do something that would put them behind bars. There may be undesirable acts that are necessary (such as letting guns walk on the street) but if the outcome outweighs the risk (utilitarian) of not interdicting illegal firearm sale and it meets the objective of arresting cartels, then the means is justified (Pollock, 2012) and I would continue the operation. In this case, I do not question the ethical ground of â€Å"Operation Fast and the Furious†. I agree with the philosophical premise of the operation of really going after the heads of the cartels to put an end to gun running once and for all (hypothetical imperative). Letting gun runners go scot free for a moment to build a stronger case may be justifiable if that would lead to the arrest of the leaders of the cartels (utilitarian). But when there are loose firearms that could not be tracked and no leaders had been arrested, it is already an indicatio n that the program â€Å"Operation Fast and the Furious† has failed and therefore must be stopped. Moreso when the guns that were sold through the program were found in violent crimes culminating in the killing of a border police officer where he was shot by a gun acquired through â€Å"Operation Fast and Furious†. 4. Integrate any material/concepts learned in the course as your resolution.

Project management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project management - Coursework Example That is, business would go on as usual without interruption. Renovating such an old building considering the extent of the damage while at the same time worrying about the safety of millions of passengers passing by, posed a great challenge (Badiru 2009, pp. 71-78) Second, it was challenging to install sustainable resource utilization systems like new water systems considering that the building was constructed using old and outdated materials. Third, the project’s size and scale made it difficult to manage the suppliers effectively due to communication breakdown. The project had more than dozen employees and 11 suppliers reporting to the project manager. As a result, effective communication was compromised. Fourth, it was challenging to replace the network system in the terminal since the systems currently used by the passengers and flight systems would be shut down during the process. As mentioned the renovation was to take place without interrupting the usual activities. The network system replacement process was also a challenge (Larson, Gray, Danlin, Honig & Bacarini 2013, pp. 77-100). Despite the above mentioned and other challenges, strategies were formulated to ensure effective utilization of resources. The strategies comprise of the following: first, the project manager was strict on gauging the performance of different stakeholders with the standards set by BAA Airport Ltd. The strategy enhanced the performance of the suppliers, workers, and the contractor. Second, even though it was impossible to overhaul the water system, the contractors were able to replace lights and heaters with those that economically consume electricity. Third, the network system was improved without disrupting the usual activities at the terminal by use of â€Å"Online change control† software built by IT specialists. The strategies facilitated the delivery of project

Prometheus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prometheus - Essay Example Prometheus was a very clever witted and wily Titan whose job was to mould mankind from clay. All these aspects help to show how he was a harbinger of good deeds for mankind as he was always concerned with trying to make humanity better. For this reason alone, he often clashed with Zeus, who was opposed to the idea of having any form of humanity other than that of the Titan clan. For stealing fire from Zeus, Prometheus was punished cruelly by Zeus. He was chained to the mountain of Kaukasos where every day, an eagle would feast upon his liver. Since he had healing powers, his liver would regenerate every night. He says, â€Å"This is the crime that I must expiate   Hung here in chains, nailed 'neath the open sky. Ha!  Ha!   What echo, what odour floats by with no sound?† Through these simple yet satirical words, written down in the Aeschylus, Prometheus has tried to set aside his woes and bring to terms that fact that he had been chained on Zeus’ orders, which acco rding to him were very unjust. These lines help to show the kind of disdain that flowed through Prometheus at the time of being chained and undergoing such a cruel punishment all because of the anger that Zeus had in his mind. He says, â€Å"The foe of Zeus and one at feud with all   The deities that find   Submissive entry to the tyrant's hall;   His fault, too great a love of humankind.   Ah me! Ah me! what wafture nigh at hand,   As of great birds of prey, is this I hear?† Through these words and dialogue, Prometheus has tried to put forth the kind of hatred that Zeus possessed for all of humanity of mortals; the reason because of which he got chained to the mountain. This process continued for a very long time, until Zeus ordered Hercules to rescue Prometheus. Despite this, the fire could not be retrieved back from humanity because it had spread too wide and far. However, the question still remains whether or not Prometheus’ punishment was justified by Ze us. According to personal opinion, it was not, because Prometheus was only trying to share with humanity the gifts that the Titans possessed. He could foresee the future and thus had probably foreseen doom that would be bestowed upon mankind if humanity had not discovered fire. Even though years of rubbing sticks and stones together went by, no man was able to create fire until the time that Prometheus stole it and sent it to the cavemen. â€Å"Oh that he had conveyed me   'Neath earth, 'neath hell that swalloweth up the  dead;   In Tartarus, illimitably vast   With adamantine fetters bound me fast-   There his fierce anger on me visited,   Where never mocking laughter could upbraid me   Of God or aught beside!† Through the following lines, Prometheus has tried to describe the kind of hellish life was to spend in the dark pits of Tartarus as per his punishment by Zeus. The wrath of Zeus was not at all justified in the kind of punitive life Prometheus was put int o for the rest of his life. The symbol of Prometheus is thus used in modern day architecture in various parts of the world in order to make people remember that fear persists in the environment as well. Prometheus was not at all a God fearing man and thus went ahead with his decision of taking the fire away and distributing it in a way that it flowed light upon the rest of mankind. Also, his liver, which is actually a symbolism of courage and

Impact of low number of minorities working in healthcare industry in Research Paper

Impact of low number of minorities working in healthcare industry in usa - Research Paper Example Eventually, the disparities in the provision of care due to racism and ethnic issues will be tackled in details. Given that the majority of the health care providers are the Native Americans, the impact of language barriers in terms of providing care to minorities who could not speak the English language well will be determined. Given that half the US population would be the minorities, the impact of language barrier between the health care providers and the minorities as patients will be thoroughly analyzed. As of November 16, 2009, the total number of population in the United States is 307,946,634 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). In line with this, the total population of white Americans alone is composed of 65% of the total population. The rest of the minorities includes Hispanic (15%), African Americans (13%), Asian (4%), Two or More Races (2%), American Indian & Alaska Native (1%), and Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander (0%) (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009b). (See Figure I – US Population by Race & The number of minorities working in the health care industry is very limited as compared to the White Americans. Since the minorities are earning less as compared to the White American physicians, Weeks & Wallace (2006) revealed that black male and female family physicians tend to serve more patients as compared with the White Americans male and female counterparts. This is probably due to the fact that the number of African Americans who are practicing as family physicians is less as compared to the population of African Americans they are serving. Although socio-economic and racial issues are among the common factors that has contributed to lower number of available health care professionals in the United States, Sabin, Rivara, & Greenwald (2008) revealed that the classification of health care profession also matters when it comes to racial bias such that pediatricians are less likely to implicit racial

Win Some Lose Some Essay Example for Free

Win Some Lose Some Essay Casinos are more and more common in small communities. With this being said small communities are changing into a gambling economy. There are both negative as well as positive impacts of casino gambling on the economy. In some cases the positive aspects outweigh the negative. Casinos are good sources of economic development, creating jobs and providing resources needed to build a better economy. A casino is a good choice as to help with economic development. This is a great way to attract people who bring in revenue. Take the Northern Quest Resort Casino as an example; it is located in Airway Heights which is a small city. A once small town is now popular with the excitement of a casino. Before the casino there was just an airport, and an Air force base. Now that there is a casino there are a lot more stores, housing, and people. The growth of the economy is slowly increasing with Wal Mart, Village Center Cinemas, Spokane County Raceway, and of course the casino. When the casino was created many new jobs and opportunities were made for local people. There were many jobs before the actual casino was open which was construction and after it was built there were numerous jobs inside of the casino. The construction jobs declined once the casino was complete but there were still jobs inside of the building. The Kalispel’s HR department preferred to hire Indians only. The Kalispel Tribe and Northern Quest Resort Casino created approximately 1,600 jobs and about $1.1 million each month in local or locally affiliated goods and services. (Northern) However, the downside of a casino is that the community turns into a gambling economy and there can be negative consequences. State governments continue to have concerns surrounding organized crime’s attraction to Indian gaming. (Native) Residence in the area gets addicted to gambling, to the thought of winning big. Gamblers have the belief that if they keep playing then they will win. Addiction makes people do irresponsible things. Debt is major problem when it comes to gambling. People will go as far as theft, embezzlement, or even suicide. These actions make for a broken family. Counseling is the best way to go for a gambler’s addiction. In the end it all comes down to the people in the community and their own choices they make. Choosing whether to gamble or not is entirely up to them. They have the right to do whatever they please and do whatever is best for them. It also presents problems in neighboring communities. In the result of the casino local industries had lost business due to the competition. For example The Davenport hotel had lost numerous guests to the Northern Quest Casino after they added the hotel. (Kamstra) Local businesses are losing revenue due to the casino but in a way the casino is actually bringing in more people than before. The revenue has grown rapidly and the combined revenues of all gaming enterprises in the United States are reported to be on the order of $75 billion per year. (Henson) The casino has a tremendous profit and where is the money going? The Northern Quest Casino is owned by the Kalispel tribe of Indians, money then goes back to the tribe. A wellness center was built not too long ago with the funds. If Kalispel tribal members wish to go to college then the tuition is fully paid for through the tribe. The Kalispel tribe also provides financial support to regional nonprofit organizations; they have donated over $5 million so far. The Kalispel Charitable Fund focuses on education, health care, arts culture, social services and environment conservation in the Spokane and Pend Oreille counties. The Northern Quest Resort Casino partners with the Harvest food bank to help fight hunger in Eastern Washington and North Idaho. The revenue from the casino also goes into the local community, schools, police, and produces tax revenue to keep the casino there. The casino mainly brings money into the government, charities, and workers. (Charitable) Luckily the Northern Quest Casino is not far from the Spokane International Airport, this means that many traveling people can stop by during a layover and try their luck. Along with all of the gamblers there are people who would want to see the scenes or come for events taken place at the casino. The Northern Quest Casino has a hotel, a club, sporting events. They put on concerts and pow wows as well. Events like these bring in many crazed fans and many Native Americans. During European colonization Native Americans’ lives were changed. Native Americans lost their land, caught diseases, and were forced to do many things. They were forced to assimilate and were forced to convert to Christianity. They basically lost everything, including their freedom. In a way people owe it to Native Americans to let them evolve as a sovereign nation and improve their economies. For once Native Americans are at their best. Gaming is giving Native Americans their tribal economic independence. Native American tribes have come a long way with becoming a sovereign nation compared to the past, they get to set their own gambling regulations and have their own casinos. As of mid-2006, 224 of the 561 federally recognized tribes operated gaming operated gaming enterprises. (Henson) The Spokane tribe of Indians located in Wellpinit is one tribe that is trying to get their economy going. They currently have two casinos, three gas stations, camping grounds, an amphitheater, and a marina where boat houses can be rented out. One casino is located on the reservation and the other is located in Chewelah. Their goal is to have a successful casino in Airway height just like the Northern Quest casino sometime soon. The Spokane Indians put on many events throughout the year such as Jam Fest, Native American Heritage Day, Poker Run, art auctions, many pow wows, and they put on concerts every weekend during the summer at the amphitheater. The growth in the number of Indian nations having gaming enterprises is increasing. This industry keeps evolving as tribes with services expand. Casinos have definitely brought in many rewards and benefits to the tribes and surrounding areas. Works Cited Charitable Fund. Kalispel Tribe. 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. . Davis, Mary B. Native America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. Print. Henson, Eric C. The State of the Native Nations: Conditions under U.S. Policies of Self-determination : The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. The Kalispel Tribe of Indians ‘ website gives a great example of the good of having a casino which is they give to a charity. Kamstra, Brooke. Personal interview. 17 Feb. 2012. I felt it was suitable to put that the casino has been a competition ever since it added a hotel. The personal interview was from an employee at The Davenport hotel. Northern Quest Resort Casino. Kalispel Tribe. 2009. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. .

The origin and significance of diversity Essay Example for Free

The origin and significance of diversity Essay Introduction Ants FormÄ «ca are arguably the most successful organisms presently on earth. They evolved from a wasp like common ancestor approximately 150 million years ago(2006 Chuck Lydeard)1. Due to their long ecological dominancy amongst insect and short life span they have undergone a high rate of adaptive radiation. Leading to a reasonably large amount of species and inter- species diversity. There are at least 12000 different species of Formicidae (2008 Edward O. Wilson)2 which have colonised almost every landmass on the planet(Alice S. Jones 2006)3 This unique dominancy and prevalence means that Ants presently account for an incomparable 15 to 20%(2000 Ted R. Schultz)4,3 of the worlds terrestrial animal biomass. FormÄ «ca exhibit eusociality, they have complex rigid social roles and interactions. They form colonies varying form a few hundred to super colonies with billions of individuals. Ants prevalence is often over looked due to their size and nature. The time when we most notice their vast numbers is when it starts affecting us; but to put it in perspective there are around 1.7billion ants for every person in Scotland(2006 Edward O. Wilson) 5,6. History of OriginThe Origin of the Ant stems back even further than we originally thought. A new D.N.A. study which included researchers from Harvard University states that they evolved around 140 to 168 million years ago in the Jurassic or Cretaceous period1. This is significant when we analyze how Ants became so successful and diverse. They evolved from the same common ancestor family as wasps called Vespoidea (1999 Denis J. Brothers)7 the similarity is clear in the family velvet ant (Mutillidae,) [See figure 1] which is actually a wasp but exhibits ant like qualities. They originally evolved in a rain forest type climate living predominantly amongst large herbivores. Indeed this is where we see the greatest number of FormÄ «ca and variation in species at present3,4. For a long time Ants were scarce making up only around 1 percent of the insect population(2000 David Grimaldi and Donat Agosti)8. However around 100 million years ago with the appearance of flowering plants the r-sel ection species experienced a high rate of evolutionary radiation. As a result of this period of adaptive radiation, ants ecological dominancy increased: 20-40% of insects found in fossil deposits from the middle of the Tertiary period are ants8. Flowering  plants were the key to the ants increased population; they created a much wider range of niches and thus reduced competition amongst insects, which lead to an increase in insects that ants could utilise as a food source(2006 Moreau CS.)9 Over time ants exhibited complex symbiotic relationships. I noted a good example of this in the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens(Ä ¦). The Acacia sphaerocephala [See figure 2] is tree native to Central and South America it exhibits a symbiotic relationship with an ant species Pseudo myrmex sphaerocephala. Its thorns are hollow and perfect for the ants to live in protecting them from predators which could disrupt their colonies if on the ground. In turn this mutualistic relationship benefits the tree as the ants guard it from other leaf eating insects. The eusociality social structure exhibited by FormÄ «ca is significant to its success. Instinctive genes inherited from its common ancestor Vespoidea give rise to its social colony structure. This is also still seen in most wasps which evolved from the same ancestral family. Diversity within FormÄ «ca-QueensFormÄ «ca display a specific, highly organised, affective social colony structure. Diversity within species of Ant is based on the needs of the colony. The colony is even looked at as an organism in itself (a Super Organism) for the purpose of some field work. Individuals have specific development pathways which lead to specific roles such as, Soldiers, Workers, Drones, Queens, Foragers and food stores (repletes). The development into these different classes is determined mostly by environmental factors such as nutrition and hormones. Yet in a few studies genetic variation has been found between castes. These genetic changes are small a change in one gene which can, for instance, decide whether a colony has one or multiple queens. However in most cases all ants start with the same genes with the exception of males. Ants generally have 4 development stages, egg, larva, pupa and adult(2002 Myrm)10. The larvae (see figure 3) are only capable of some minor movement, such as bending their head toward a food source. It is in the larval stage where differing the level of care and nourishment leads to different development pathways. When resources are low most larvae will develop into sterile female workers. Only if the developed colony has an abundant food supply will worker ants map selected larvae using pheromones. These then receive better nourishment than others which  triggers select genes to activate(1978 Edward O. Wilson.)11 These larvae develop into, normally winged, sexually mature female ants (See figure 4)which leave to find a male (Drone) and start a new colony. In some colonies for whatever reason there is no queen; in this case a female worker (all ants apart from drones are female) becomes fertile and lays fertile eggs. The Queens main role is to allow gene flow in the gene pool. She mates with one or more males from other colonies before starting her own. This is t he only sexual interaction between ants from different colonies. This important role exhibits the significance of variation within a species. Diversity within FormÄ «ca-DronesWorkers generally cannot mate yet because of the haplodiploid sex-determination system in most species they have the ability to lay unfertilised eggs that become fully fertile haploid males. This system means that offspring created from the combination of a sperm and an egg develop as a female (Worker or Queen) and an unfertilized egg develops as a male. This results in males having half the number of chromosomes compared to females (males are haploid). This system means that a drone (See figure 5) has no father and cannot have sons however he has a grandfather and is able to have grandsons. The Jack Jumper Ant Myrmecia pilosulas (See figure 6) genome is enclosed on a single pair of chromosomes as males are haploid they only have 1 chromosome, the lowest amount identified for any animal. ( 1986 Michael W. J. Crosland Ross H. Crozier)12 Interestingly Myrmecia pilosula have a venomous poison and cause more deaths in Tasmania than spiders, snakes, wasps, and sharks combined.(2008 Killer Ants T.V.)13 The only purpose of drones is to mate with a queen so she can start a new colony when this is complete he dies. Diversity within FormÄ «ca-WorkersWorkers carry out every other role in ant society. Depending on their age and a number of environmental conditions, including the state of the colony, workers can be soldiers, nurses, farmers, repletes and more, depending on the species. Ants are the only taxonomic group to evolve into specific eusocialit roles with age. This creates a very clear and significant diversity within species. Soldiers are often older workers which develop powerful mandibles. In contrast to workers soldiers are a lot larger; in the species Pheidologeton diversus the dry mass of a  soldier can be 500 times that of a worker. The difference is most prevalent in the army ant genus Dorylus(See figure 7.) Due to seasonal food shortages they leave their temporary ant hill and march in columns of up to 50 million individuals. Columns are ordered with workers being flanked and protected by the larger soldier ants(1991Bert Hà ¶lldobler)14. The soldiers create a defensive moving wall allowing the workers to safely and swiftly move through the corridor (at around 20 meters an hour.) A clear example of the diversity within a species is found in the genus Myrmecocystus. It is literally a living food store, workers feed another worker until its abdomen swells and it gets too large to get out of the chamber it is in. They are termed repletes (See figure 8) and are used by the colony to survive in times of reduced resources such as; food, water and nutrients(1993 Randy C. Morgan)15. Diversity between different species of FormicaFormicas ecological dominance has driven diversity between species to reduce competition. To allow successful resource partitioning and acquisition of new resources there are vast differences in the physical abilities of different species. A resent example of this is the study of the species Odontomachus bauri (Trap Jaw Ant) by Andrew Suarez (an ecologist and entomologist at the University of Illinois) in late 2006. Through the use of high speed cameras (about 10,000 times faster than those used to film movies) the speed of the ant jaws closing was able to be measured. It is, by a clear margin, the fastest self perpetuated moment in the animal kingdom with speeds exceeding 144 miles per hour. Even more interesting is the power involved in this movement the jaws accelerate at 100,000 times the force of gravity. This results in the movement being completed very quickly, the movement could be repeated approximately 2300 times in the time it takes you to blink: exerting a force up to 500 times the ants body mass(2006 Andrew Suarez)16. This diversity gives the ant a competitive advantage over other species. They use this ability to kill pray, attack predators and to flee from predators. As when the jaws close against the predator or ground the ant gets propelled away. An example of very specific diversity is that of leaf cutter ants Myrmicinae. They farm specific fungi as food sources in their colonies. Gathering specific leaves to feed the fungi and carrying antimicrobial  bacteria to stop infection or competition for their specific fungi. However a more unique and resent discovery in Formica diversity is Polyrhachis sokolova (See figure 9) discovered in Australia in 2006 in mangrove swamps it is the only ant found to swim and nest under water. They survive in air pockets and by swimming to the surface to breath (2006 Dr Simon Robson)17. Not much more is known about them and research is ongoing. They clearly demonstrate the level of diversity and its significance in avoiding and reducing competition between ant species. Conclusion To conclude Formica are exceedingly diverse both within and between species. They exhibit very specific roles within their colonies so much so that the entre colony can be viewed as a single organism. They have been present on earth for a comparably long time. During this time they have diversified amongst species creating many complex and delicate symbiotic relationships with other organisms. However the impending threat of climate change coupled with deforestation and loss of habitat could threaten ant species. With a body I work with- the IPCC (international panel on climate change) predicting that Climate change alone is expected to force a further 15%- 37% of species to the brink of extinction within the next 50 years.(2006 IPCC.)18 There may be a serious impact on the biodiversity of ants due to their many obligate host habitats and specific dependency on other organisms. References 1 http://news.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-3/Ancient-ants-arose-140-168-million-years-ago-7286-1/2 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/science/15wils.html3 http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/08/ants/did-you-know-learn4 http://www.pnas.org/content/97/26/140285 http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=17930206 http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/2007-news/scotlands-mid-year-population-estimates.html7 Phylogeny and evolution of wasps, ants and bees 233- 249. 8 http://www.pnas.org/content/97/25/136789 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660119010 http://www.antnest.co.uk/cycle.html11 Caste and ecology in the social

Introduction To Human Development Sociology Essay

Introduction To Human Development Sociology Essay Human development describes the growth of humans throughout the life span, from birth to death. The scientific study of human development seeks to understand and explain how and why people change throughout life. What are the factors impacting on the wellbeing of the human? This includes all aspects of human growth, including physical, emotional, intellectual, social and personal development. Gowning up in environmental that is not safe, it is hard to survive. In this essay I will identify and discuss my own life experience and refer it to two theories of human development. Before concluding I will also discuss how these theories can be applied to social service practice. My own life experience I was born in Mogadishu the capital of Somalia. I have 5 sisters, I am in the middle three are older than and two is younger than me. I was born and grew up in an extended family including parents, grandparent, unties, uncles, cousins. We were lived in a villa house that was a family house. We were a middle class family where my father was the oldest among his brothers and sisters, his was a hardworking man and had very good job. My grandfather was working, and he was a mechanic he had his own garage. Some of uncles were working too and others were students. My mother was very nice person and she used to be home at all times to feed and take care of the children. We were a very happy family where my parents and grandparents worked together to bring the children up with love and affection. When the civil war broke out in Somalia 1991 and the central military government collapsed while the country became a field for the rebels who overthrow the military government to fight each other for power. Many families started leaving the country to save their lives leaving their house and other belongings behind. My family were not the first the people left the country, we remained inside our house because we thought that things will change and settle down would and the country will be a safe place to live. Unfortunately it kept getting worst, it was difficult for my family to be safe and survive because people were getting killed by rebels and due hunger because there was very little food and water. In 1994 my father was killed in the war and my grandfather decided to flee the country for the sake of our safety; we bagged up and left for the neighbouring Kenya. While we were on the way to Kenya there were a lot of strangers, who were caring guns, knives, and some other weapons. On the way to Kenya I witnessed dead bodies on the side of the road. At that time I was only 7 years old and I saw this massacre and I witnessed the people dying of hunger since I was 4 years old. When we arrived to Kenya, we met some our relatives that left the civil war who were already there. They helped us in finding the accommodation. I went to a school for first time in Kenya where I learnt mainly Islam Religion education, Somalia, Mathematics, and English. While staying in Kenya my uncles did not find work there was no work to survive and the living conditions were not good. In 2000 we moved to Ethiopia in search of better life and work during time many of my extended family members died. In 200 I came to New Zealand with my sisters and other family members including my grandfather, we arrived in Lower Hutt, Wellington and I enrolled High School. Theories Abraham Maslows theory Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Each of us is motivated by needs. Our most basic needs are inborn, having evolved over tens of thousands of years. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs helps to explain how these needs motivate us all. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself. Only when the lower order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied we are concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development. Maslows hierarchy of needs 1. Biological and Physiological needs air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs realising personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Relevance to my life experience Accordingly to Abraham Maslows theory the first need is food, water and shelter, after the civil was broke, family started form the first step of the triangle by searching Biological and Physiological needs. The second need was to be safe form difficult situation and survive. My father died in the war which was a huge impact on the safety of the whole family. We had to look for a safe place when the civil war broke out in Somalia and everything was destroyed. We have been to different countries to search better life for example we have been to Kenya, Ethiopia and finally New Zealand to live. My family settled in New Zealand because our two initial needs were met and we started working towards the third need. My sisters got married in here except two who has not got married and our family started growing. The fourth need was met by getting in to job and managing our day to day needs and work at home. Last year my grandfather passed away, he was 72. He reached at the fifth and last step of the triangle by actualizing his own self, he has been to Haj and became a spiritual leader in the community and he worked for the betterment of the community. Bronferbrenners Theory of Ecology Urie Bronferbrenners presented the theory of ecology on human development. This theory be made up of five systems, Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem. These five systems influence the individuals growth and personality. Microsystem is where an individual lives; it includes parents, family and Whanau, peers, school and neighbourhood. Mesosystem explains about the relationship between Microsystem and the wider community, such as relation between family experience and school experience or church experience.  Ã‚  Exosystem explains about the influence of work and social environment and its impact on the family and personal values. Macrosystem is about the culture in which an individual lives and the choronosystem is about the patterning of events and transition over the life course and sociohistorical circumstances. Relevance to my life experience If I put myself in the centre of  a series of concentric circles of influence,  I can link the  theory of ecology to my growth and development. I  had my parents, my extended family and friends in my Microsystem circle where I learned to socialise. The structures of Somalian families are based on tradition values and beliefs where children are cared by the extended family and the eldest male is the head of the family. The influence of my Microsystem on my growth laid the foundation of my personality and behaviour. Mesosystem helped me to develop the sense of belongingness with the community and my culture, where I learned how to be culturally appropriate and respectful to the others in the community. Micro and Mesosystems are significant in the development of a child. During my childhood and growth the Choronsytem which overlapped the inner circles of influence, was very complex due to the struggle for the power and control. There was not government to keep people safe, the s urvival was the first priority for us. The sociohistorical circumstances of Somalia did not impact on me because I migrated to New Zealand and after my father passed away my grandfather continued passing on his beliefs in equality and human values in to my family and Somalian community. During my growth and development I internalised with my family and community and learned culturally appropriate activities and respectful relationship. This helped me to construct my personality and behaviour. How the theories may be applied and integrated into social service practice. Abraham Maslows five hierarchies need theories. Maslows best known influence to Humanistic psychology is his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslows Needs Hierarchy is often used to sum up the humanistic psychology faith system. The fundamental idea of his hierarchy is that everyone is born with specific essentials. If we do not meet those base needs, we are unable to survive and attention upward inside the hierarchy. In our social system and social services we need to identify the basic needs of the clients and once their initial needs are met than only it will be possible for a client to move to next step of the triangle. Once the need of shelter and food is met than a client can think of getting in to work-force or in relationship and care for his/her family and the children. We push further and further to excel in our careers, to expand our knowledge, and to constantly increase our self-esteem. After meeting all the needs we can be in a situation where we can help others to over-come their problems and feel satisfied by helping others. Bronferbrenners Theory of Ecology While working with client a social worker need to measure microsystem that including individuals family, peers, school and neighbourhood It is in the microsystem that the most direct interactions with social agents take place. . . (45, Santrock). It is important to assess the social system of a client while assessing clients situation. The circles of the ecology system impacts and influence the client and the client does not have any control over it. For example impact of a hard day at work place will impact on the home situation of a client. A child who did not have a good sleep last night due the party at home will be tired and behaving difficult at school. Therefore Bronferbrenners Theory of Ecology is used and integrated in social work practice to assess clients situation and particular behaviours. Conclusion In this essay I have written about my own life experience, which I really had a lot of challenging, moving out my own country to find better life and secure. It took while I and my family to recovered the problems that we have witnessed happening to our own families. There are many theories of human development that explains how the growth of a child is impacted by their environment and circumstances. I have linked two Human Development theories Bronferbrenners Theory of Ecology and Abraham Maslows theory of hierarchy of needs. Every human is shaped by his/her circumstances and situation. It is important to use and implement theories of human development to assess the clients situation by making sure their basic needs are met and how the overlapping circles of the ecology are impacting on the situation of the client.

Diabetes an Epidemic in the African American Community Essay -- Biolog

Diabetes an Epidemic in the African American Community "The facts are clear: The diabetes epidemic sweeping the U.S. is hitting the African American community particularly hard, according to doctors." (2) Diabetes is defined as, "A disease that affects the body's ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy." (1) There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, which usually begins during childhood or adolescence, "Is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by total lack of insulin. This occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them.." (2) Type 2 Diabetes, most common form of the disease, "Usually occurring in middle age adults after the age of forty-five, is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently." (2) National heal th surveys over the past 35 years show that the number of African American's that have been diagnosed with diabetes is drastically increasing. In fact, it has been reported, "Out of 16 million Americans with diabetes, twenty-three million are African Americans." (3) There are clearly many implications on why diabetes is so rampant in the African American community, those of which will be discussed in this report. In this report, I will exam aspects of the "African American Culture," in order to determine whether those aspects have anything to do with the reasons why diabetes is higher in the African American community, more so than others. "Have you ever heard in the Black culture someone say t... ... amounts of oils and sugars in food, improper dieting and apathy towards treating the disease. Diabetes is a major disease in all ethnicities, particularly in African Americans and can be deadly if not treated properly. If the cycle of diabetes is to lessen, in the African American community, people have to take the approach to eat right and exercise, or else the diabetes will continue to run rampant throughout the community. Internet Sources: 1) http://www.diabetes.org/community/outreach/african_americans/diabetesin.jsp , a rich resource from the diabetes community outreach project 2) http://www.ndep.nih.gov/diabetes/control/4Steps.htm , a rich resource from the department of health and diabetes. 3 http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/africanamerican/index.htm, a rich resource on diabetes 4) http://66.102.126.72?Diabetes.htm, a rich resource on diabetes

The Battle of Stalingrad- A Turning Point in the Second World War Essay

The battle of Stalingrad raged from August 1942 until the German surrender on 2 February 1943. Significantly, it was the first catastrophic defeat to befall the Wermacht Army who not only lost the battle but were severely humiliated. Indeed, the German Army never fully recovered from this blow to its morale. Upwards of 270,000 troops were killed and 91,000 prisoners were taken by the Red Army; included in this latter number were 23 German Generals. Conversely, morale in the Red Army soared as a consequence of Stalingrad giving the Russians increased strength and confidence. This battle represented a turning point in the Second World War. By successfully defending the city of Stalingrad the Soviet Union were able to deny Hitler his summer 1942 objective of paralysing the Soviet war effort by interrupting Russian oil supplies and seizing the Caucasus oil fields. This achievement was made possible through the stubborn and ferocious resistance of the Red Army within the confines of Stalingrad and the meticulously planned counteroffensive which led to the encirclement of the entire 6th army outside the city. In addition, compared with their German counterparts, the Red Army were highly organized, they had superior lines of communication and were better equipped. Stalingrad, reduced to a burning shell within days of the first German assault, was defended by the Soviet 62nd Army led by General Chuikov. Although German troops captured 90% of the city, Chuikov maintained his hold on a strip of land a mile long. Stalin had issued the order 'not a step backwards' therefore discipline was harsh and traitors were killed without sentiment. The Red Army were merciless, executing over 13,000 of their own men. It was however the counteroff... ...man POWs. Stalin personally took credit for the victory and military defeats prior to Stalingrad were depicted as part of his pre-arranged plan. Stalingrad was a turning point in the war but not a decisive one. Stalin believed victory placed him in a greater position of strength within the Grand Alliance. He was therefore more confident during 1943 in pushing negotiations for the opening of a second front. The Red Army fought with renewed vigor on the 'E' front and within 18 months had recovered all Russian territory taken by Germany. In 1943, the question was no longer 'if' Germany could be defeated but 'when'. However, Stalingrad alone did not turn the tide of war in favor of the allies. The battle did play a vital role but other factors must be considered; American victories in the Pacific, allied landings in North Africa and the defeat of Rommel at el-Alamein.

Feminist Movement Essay -- essays research papers

Feminist Movement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the aftermath of World War II, the lives of the women have changed dramatically. Women spoke their minds out and wanted to be heard. World War II brought them a new outlook on how they should live their lives. It encouraged women organize social movements such as boycotts and public marches pushing for their human rights and protect them against discrimination. Alongside, they formed their own organization representing them against the federal government like the NOW or National Organization for Women. Through the years, women have been struggling to fight for equal rights and unfortunately still exist even at the present in some areas. Yes, women’s status was not like what they used to back then, where their roles where to stay home do household chores and take care of the children. Now, women have grown to be a new person. They have accomplished their goals and work wherever they want these days. But despite of their success in the feminist movements, it was all due to their personal struggle and hard work. The feminist movement has changed women’s status in the history of our society socially, politically, and economically. The changes made, influenced the society in positive and negative outcomes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Traditionally, women are stereotyped as being committed to only on doing household works but in our society today, they play significant roles not only at home but also in workplaces such as schools, offices, and businesses. They are now able to have the careers of their choice, and even have the same careers as men do. For example, back then being a police officer is ought to be a man’s job. Nowadays, one can see a woman entering different fields of occupation like in law, carpentry, medicine and sports. This proves that women have as equal rights as men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although women have attained such freedom, they tend to take advantage of it and go overboard. Women, today, are very liberated on how they present themselves in society. To be more specific, is how they dress and act or the way they carry themselves in public. For instance, Britney Spears, a famous entertainer, dresses immodestly and act wildly by doing things under the influence of alcohol such as getting married and getting annulled the next day. Unluckily, as a public figure she is being looked up to especially by young girls. They try to copy her and wear too ... ...me negative outcome, it is still a very significant event that greatly affected the modern society. Women today owe their freedom to the women suffragists who fought for all of the women’s rights today. Today’s women should pay their respect to the women of the past by celebrating their freedom and by continuing what they have started. If it were not for the suffragists’ courage and bravery, the world would have been so different from now. Without their movement, modern women would not be able to attain so much freedom such as being able to work, to get involve in politics and become leaders, and being able to own businesses. Such freedom has opened many doors for women all over the world at the present and in the future. Work Cited 1. Banks, Oliver. Faces of Feminism. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc., 1981 2. Gubata, Kate. â€Å"The New Feminism.† Readings for Writers. Ed. Jo Ray McCuen, Anthony C. Winkler. Boston, Ma: Thomson, 2000. 557-559. 3. Nye, Andrea. Feminist Theory and the Philosophies of Man. New York:Croom Helm, 1988. 4 † Women’s movement.† Encarta Encyclopedia 2004. Encarta Encyclopedia Online. 28 Sept. 2004 http://www.search.ence.com/eb/article?tocld=215998

Psychology and Personality Development

Part 1: What were the results of your MBTI assessment? Do you agree with these results? Why or why not? In what ways does the MBTI assessment relate to Jung's theory of personality development? Part 2: Compare and contrast the MBTI personality inventory with subjective methods of psychoanalytic personality assessment, such as inkblot and word association tests. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these types of assessment? What is the practical usefulness of each, objective and subjective personality inventories, in your chosen career field? What is the relationship between cognition and personality development? Explain how biological and environmental factors can shape our cognitive processes. Give an example that illustrates how one's cognitive processes can shape some aspect of personality. Explain how evolutionary, biological/genetic, and environmental (i. e. learning) factors can result in the development of an aggressive personality. Provide specific examples, when appropriate. How do parents influence a child's personality according to each theory: evolutionary, biological/genetic, and behavioral? Give examples that illustrate how each of these models relates to parenting and children's personality development. What is self-efficacy? How does self-efficacy relate to personality? What â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† factors contribute to one's self-efficacy? Provide specific examples, when appropriate. A summary of the person's life experiences. This section must include all relevant background, including family history, significant life experiences, and important contributions that may have influenced or resulted from the individual's personality development. This section should be 1-2 pages in length. A discussion and evaluation of the ways in which each of the following models would explain the individual's personality development: Psychoanalytic and Neoanalytic theories Psychosocial theories Trait, Evolutionary, Genetic/Biological approaches Cognitive, Behavioral, and Social Learning theories Humanistic theories

A Dirty Job Chapter 19

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